Surgical Neurostimulation for Spinal Cord Injury
نویسندگان
چکیده
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition characterized by a constellation of symptoms including paralysis, paraesthesia, pain, cardiovascular, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction. Current treatment for SCI involves acute resuscitation, aggressive rehabilitation and symptomatic treatment for complications. Despite the progress in scientific understanding, regenerative therapies are lacking. In this review, we outline the current state and future potential of invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation strategies including deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), motor cortex stimulation (MCS), transcutaneous direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the context of SCI. We consider the ability of these therapies to address pain, sensorimotor symptoms and autonomic dysregulation associated with SCI. In addition to the potential to make important contributions to SCI treatment, neuromodulation has the added ability to contribute to our understanding of spinal cord neurobiology and the pathophysiology of SCI.
منابع مشابه
The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee.
INTRODUCTION The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb ischemia, and refractory angina and recommended appropriate clinical applications. METHODS The NACC used literature reviews, expert opinion, clinical ...
متن کاملA Case of Gunshot Injury to the Spinal Cord in a Dog: Clinical, Surgical, and X-ray Features.
Case description- A five-year-old female dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented as an emergency case after it suffered a gunshot injury.Clinical findings - Physical examination of the dog revealed paraplegia, the symptoms were normal. There was no bone fracture and dislocation in the lower extremity examination. A bullet (diameter, 4 mm) between the third and fourth lumbar was observed on rad...
متن کاملNeurostimulation for Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
Background. Loss of normal bowel function caused by nerve injury, neurological disease or congenital defects of the nervous system is termed neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD). It usually includes combinations of fecal incontinence, constipation, abdominal pain and bloating. When standard treatment of NBD fails surgical procedures are often needed. Neurostimulation has also been investigated, b...
متن کاملSpinal cord stimulation for intractable chronic pain.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is minimally invasive and reversible therapy for treatment of severe, otherwise nonresponsive chronic pain. Such approach is relatively safe, with very few side-effects, not addictive, and provides enduring therapeutic response. A number of clinical studies support the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in treating failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional...
متن کاملA Review of Neuromodulation in the Neurorehabilitation
Neurorehabilitation is a complicated medical process; its goal is to help patients to recover from injuries or abnormalities in the Central Nervous System [CNS], and to compensate for functional deficits if possible. Neurorehabilitation offers a series of therapies, including physical, occupational, speech, psychological therapies and so on with a focus on improving the patients’ health. The fi...
متن کامل